Yaoi has been criticized for failing to address gay issues. Western commentators sometimes refer to bara as " yaoi," but yaoi is largely created by and for women and features idealized bishōnen who conform to the heteronormative formula of the dominant and masculine seme pursuing the submissive and effeminate uke. While bara usually features adult content (sometimes violent or exploitative) and gay romanticism, it often has more realistic or autobiographical themes, as it acknowledges the taboo nature of homosexuality in Japan. While bara faces difficulties finding western publishers, it has been described as "the next big porn wave coming out of Japan." īara can vary in visual style and plot, but typically features masculine men with varying degrees of muscle, body fat, and body hair, akin to beefcakes, or bears ( 熊 ?, kuma) in gay culture. Bara is mostly a Japanese phenomenon, with limited western exposure through manga scanlations and online homoerotic art communities. Besides bara manga, also called gei comi ( ゲイ コミ ?, "gay comics"), and illustration, a number of bara erotic games exist, as well as novels and memoirs. The bara genre began in the 1960s with fetish magazines featuring gay art and content. The first issue of the Japanese gay men's magazine G-men, one of the first magazines to present gay men's manga that was notably different from yaoi, and a major publisher of manga by Gengoroh Tagame (cover artist for this issue and many others), who was instrumental in creating the bara manga style.īara ( 薔薇 ?, "rose"), also known as the wasei-eigo construction "Mens' Love" ( メンズラブ menzu rabu ?) or ML, is a Japanese jargon term for a genre of art and fictional media that focuses on male same-sex love and desire, usually created by and for gay men. For the genre by and for women, see Yaoi.
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